Transmission



April 23, 1946. H. E. CARNAGUA 2,399,097

' TRANSMISSION Filed May 10, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 23, 1946. I H. E. CARNAGUA TRANSMISSION Filed May 10, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 M; r m f .vmw

?atented Apr. 23, 1946 2,899,097 TRANSMISSION Harold E.

poration of Illinois Carnagua, Muncie, Incl, =1: Borg-Warner Corporation, Chicago,

III... a cor- Application May 10, 1943, Serial No. $86,294 22 Claims. (Cl. 74-290) My invention relates to transmissions and more specifically to transmissions which are particularly suitable for use in airplanes between the engines and propellers thereof.

In a copending application of William E. Moflitt, Serial No. 359,987, filed October 7, 1940, there is disclosed a two speed airplane transmission comprising planetary gearing, a; dog slidably disposed in one of the elements of the gearing and adapted to enter an opening or window in another element of the gearing for locking up the gearing for direct drive, a fluid pressure operated piston in the stationary housing of the transmission and a bell crank carried by the element which also carries the dog and adapted to transmit force from the piston for disenga ing the dog from the window.

It is an object of my invention to provide a transmission improved in design over the Moilitt transmission and including a positive coupling unit for locking together two movable elements of the transmission to provide direct drive and a fluid pressure responsive operator for actuating the coupling unit which instead of being mounted in the transmission housing is carried by one of the movable elements whereby no mechanical connections between a stationary piston and a movable element are necessary.

This and other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered together with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a transmission embodying the principles of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal view taken on line 2-2 of sectional view of a modified form of transmission embodying the principles Of my invention;

Fig. i is a perspective view of certain parts of the transmission shown in Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 3.

Like characters of reference designate like parts in the several views.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, the illustrated transmission comprises a driving or input shaft 8 and a driven or output shaft 9 which is piloted with respect to the shaft 8 by means of a hearing it. The shaft 9 is rotatably disposed with respect to a transmission housing II by means of a ball bearing l2 as shown. The driving shaft 8 has fixed thereto a ring gear i3 which is in mesh with a plurality 56 s and the of planet gears it (one being shown in the drawings). The planet gears it are each rotatably disposed on a stub shaft l5, and each of the shafts I5 is fixed with respect to the output shaft 9 by means of a suitable flange provided on the shaft 9, as shown. A toothed sun gear element 19 which is in mesh with each of the planet gears it, is rotatably disposed on the shaft 9, and a carrier element i1 is rotatably disposed on the element it. Each of the stub shafts I5 is fixed in the carrier element ii; and the driven shaft 9, the stub shafts carrier element ll, therefore rotate in unison as a single part, as is apparent.

A fluid pressure operated brake is provided for arresting the rotation of the sun gear element it. This brake comprises a brake disc is fixed on the sun gear element It by means of splines i9 on the latter element, an annular backing plate 29 fixed with respect to the housing H for the transmission, an annular pressure member 2|, and a plurality of pistons 22 (one being shown in the drawings) slidably disposed in suitable cavities in the housing H. The brake disc I8 is provided with an annular friction facing 23 on one side thereof which is adapted to cooperate with the plate member 29, and the brake disc 18 is provided with another friction facing 24 on its other side which is adapted to cooperate with the pressure member 20. The pressure member 2! is provided with internal lugs 25 (one being shown in the drawings), which are slidably disposed in suitable slots 26 formed in the housing H, and member 28 isformed with perforated external lugs 2! (one being shown in the drawings) through the openings of which extend stub shafts 28 which are fixed to the plate member 20. The slots 29 and the shafts 28 function to hold the pressure member 2! against rotation but allow the member 2| to move longitudinally of the housing H, and springs 29 are provided on the shafts 28 for yieldably holding thepressure member 2| at the limit of its movement to the left as seen in Fig. 1. The pressure member 2| is preferably formed by a pair of annular, stamped sheet metal members 21a and Nb which are fastened together by any suitable means, as by welding.

The housing II is formed with a passage 30 which is connected with the cavities in the housing for the pistons 22 and is also connected with a conduit 3|. The conduit 3| is connected with any suitable source of fluid pressure and has a valve 32 disposed therein. The valve 32 is provided with a bleed or drain conduit 33 and comprises a movable portion 34 which has passages 35 and 38 formed therein.

passage 30 and thereby also in the cavities for the piston 22, the springs 29 function to hold the pressure member 2| disengaged from the friction facing 2 and to hold the pistons 22 at the limits of their movement to the left as seen in Fig. l,

' and the brake disc I ll is free to rotate.

when the valve portion 24 is rotated in a clockwise direction as seen in Fig.1, to bring the passage 35 in alignment with the conduit 2|, fluid under pressure is supplied through the conduit 3i and passage Ill to the cavities for the pistons 22, and the pistons and thereby the pressure membe: 2! are moved toward the right, as seen in the figure, against the action of the springs 22. On such movement of the member 2|, it is brought into engagement with the friction facing 24. and the brake disc II is bent to a small extent to bring the friction facing 22 into contact with the backing member 20. The brake for the sun gear element is is thereby engaged, with the pressure member 2| pressing against the friction facing 24 and with the friction facing a pressing against the backing member 2|. to arrest the rotation of the brake disc is and thereby of the sun gear element It. when the valve portion 21 is thereafter rotated back to its position as shown in Fig. 1, fluid under pressure is drained from the cavities for the pistons 22, and the springs 29 function to bring the pistons 22 and the pressure member 2| and thereby also the brake disc is back to their positions as seen in the figure, and the brake for the sun gear element ll is thus disengaged.

A positive type clutch is provided for locking together the carrier element It and the sun gear element It when the brake for the sun gear element is disengaged. This clutch comprises clutch teeth 21 formed on the carrier element ll and a clutch member is formed with teeth 2! which member is slidably but non-rotatably disposed on the sun gear element It by means of the splines IS. The teeth 31 and l! are adapted to interengage. and the member 2! is urged into position to interengage teeth so with teeth 21 by means of a spring ll disposed between the member" and the brake disc i8.

Fluid pressure responsive means is provided for acting against the spring it to move the clutch member 28 to the left as seen in Fig. 1 for disengaging the teeth 29 from the teeth 21. The fluid pressure responsive means comprises a pinrality of pistons ll slidably disposed in suitable cavities in the carrier element I1. and a bearing 42 of the ball type provided between the pistons ti and the clutch member it. The cavities for the pistons 4| in the carrier element ll are connected by passages 42 in the carrier element and a passage 4, extending through the sun gear element, the driven shaft 8 and the housing ll with the cavities in the housing II for the pistons 22, and it will thus be apparent whenever fluid under pressure is applied to the pistons 22, fluid under pressure is simultaneously applied to the pistons ll, When the valve portion 34 is in its position as shown in the drawing, the passages 20, 4| and 42 will have been drained of fluid under pressure as is apparent, and the pistons 4|, the bearing 75 in 42 and the clutch member is will have moved to positions to the right of their positions as shown in the drawing, their positions as shown in the drawing being those in which they are just prior to their movements by the spring 40 to the right for interengaging the teeth 38 and ll after the valve portion is moved to its position as shown.

Blocking means is provided for prevent movement of the clutch member a to the right as seen in Fig. 1 and preventing an inter-engagement of the teeth 2! and 31 when there is relative rotation between the carrier element I1 and the clutch member 28, as when the brake for the sun gear is engaged and the shaft l is being driven at a reduced speed with respect to the shaft 2, as will be hereinafter described. The blocking means for the clutch member as comprises a blocker element 48 which is disposed on the sun gear element It between the carrier element ll and the clutch member 8!. The blocker element II is splined on the sun gear element It by means of teeth 46 provided on the blocker element which at between the splines is on the sun gear element. The blocker element 45 is thus movable longitudinally with respect to the sun gear element II, and since the teeth 4! are narrower in width than the spaces between the splines II, as may be seen in the drawing, the blocker member 45 is also rotatable with respect to the sun gear element is for a limited distance as is apparent. The blocker element 4 is provided with a friction surface 41 which is adapted to cooperate with a friction surface 4! provided on the carrier element i1, and a spring is is provided between the blocker element 4 and the clutch member 32, which spring is of considerably less strength than the spring so, for urging the blocker element to the right as seen in Fig. 1 whereby the friction surface 1 is held yieldingly in contact with the friction surface 42. The blocker element 45 is provided with teeth III which are disposed between the teeth I! and 21, and act to block movement of the clutch member 2a to the right as seen in Fig. 1 and to prevent engagement of the teeth a and 21 as will now be described.

The teeth ll, when the blocker element II is in its position as shown in Fig. 2 relative to the sun gear element It and the splines it, with the blocker element It rotated counterclockwise. as seen in Fig. 2, relative to the sun gear element l! to the limit of its movement, function to block movement of the teeth It toward the right, as seen in Fig. i, for inter-engagement of the teeth I. with the teeth 21 as is apparent from an inspection of the figures. The teeth 50, when the blocker element 45 is rotated clockwise, as seen in Fig. 2, relative to the sun gear element II and the splines It to the limit of its movement with the sides of the teeth I! which are shown in Fig. 2 as out of contact with the splines II, allow the teeth 2! to pa s through the teeth II and to mesh with the teeth 21 on movement of the clutch member a to the right as seen in Fig. 1. The friction surface 41 in contact with the friction surface is acts as means for rotating the blocker element 45 relative to sun gear element It between its position for blocking movement of the teeth 29 and its position for allowing engagement of the teeth 22 and 31. The surface #1 due to its frictional engagement with surface it functions to hold the blocker element in its Fig. 2 position when the carrier element I1 is rotating at a greater speed than the sun gear element It in a counterclockwise direction as seen Fig. 2, and this condition is present when the 4 element is arrested from rotation.

brake for the sun gear element is engaged and the shaft 9 is d iven at reduced speed through the planet gears M, as will be hereinafter described. when the carrier element l'l stops such rotation with respect to sun gear element It, under conditions hereinafter to be described, and rotates a small distance in the clockwise direction with respect to element It as seen in Fig. 2, blocker element 45 will be moved to its other position permitting the teeth as to pass between the teeth II and mesh with the teeth 87, due to the frictional contact between the friction surfaces 41 and It. as is apparent.

The

traon illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 provides two speed ratios, namely, an underdrive ratio when the brake for the sun gear element It is engaged and a direct drive ratio when the teeth 39 and at are engaged. When the valve portion 84 is rotated from its position as shown in Fig. 1 to bring the passage 85 into alignment with the conduit 8i, fluid under pressure is applied to the pistons 22 through the passage 30 and fluid under pressure is applied to the pistons ll through the w es #4 and 43. The pistons 22 are moved tothe right as seen in Fig. 1 to engage pressure member M with the friction facing 24 and engage the friction facing 23 with the plate member 2%. The brake element It is thus engaged,

and the sun gear The pistons M are held by the fluid under pressure in their positions as shown in Fig. 1, and the pistons it, by means of the bearing 52, act to hold the clutch member as against the action of the spring 46 in its position as shown in the figure-with the teeth 89 and 8? disengaged. The drive through the transmission is then from the driving shaft 8, through the ring gear l3 and the planet gears id to the driven shaft 8, with the sun gear elementit held stationary by its brake and acting as a fulcrum for torque multiplication. Since the sun gear element i8 is stationary, the speed of rotation of the shaft 9 is less than that of the shaft 8, and the shaft 9 is driven at an underdrive speed ratio.

When the valve portion 38 is thereafter rotated to its position as shown in Fig. 1 to drain the passages 38, at and d3 of fluid under pressure, the springs 28 act to move the pressure member 2E and the pistons 22 to their positions a shown in- Fig. 1 and thereby disengage the brake for the sun gear element It. The relief of fluid pressure on the pistons El allows the pistons, the

bearing 42 and the clutch member 38 to be moved.

to the right as seen in Fig. 1 under the action of the Sp ing 66. Full movement of the clutch member 38 to the right to inter-engage the teeth 39 and 87 is however prevented by the blocker element 45 until the blocker element is moved in a clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 2 relative to the sun gear element i6 whereby the teeth 50 allow the teeth 39 to pass therebetween. Such movement of the blocker element 65 occurs when the shafts t and 9 are brought into substantial synchronlsm by decreasing the speed of the shaft 8, and the shaft 9 rotates just a fraction of a revolution ahead of shaft 8 in the forward direction, whereby the carrier member H and the sun gear element 86, rotate at substantially the same s and then the carrier element il rotates for a fraction of a revolution in a clockwise director the sun gear m'ovesfarther to the right as seen in Fig l, and the teeth 89 pass between the teeth I0 and interengage with teeth 81. The teeth 38 and 31 when inter-engaged lock the carrier member I? and the sun gear element i 8 together and thereby lock up the planetary unit whereby the shaft 8, the ring gear l3, the planet gears It, the shafts I 5 and the shaft 8 all rotate at the same speed. The transmission is then in direct drive.

When the valve portion 34 is thereafter moved to its position whereby the passage 85 is aligned with the conduit 3!. time under pressure is then again applied to the pistons 22 and 4|. The brake for the sun gear element I6 is thus engaged, and the clutch member 38 is moved to its position as shown in Fig.- 1 and the teeth 89 and 31 are disengaged. The transmission then again drives the shaft 9 at the under drive ratio.

The modified form of my improved transmission shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 is similar in many respects to the transmission shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Both of the transmissions provide a direct drive and an underdrive speed, with the underdrive being obtained when a friction brake on the sun gear of a planetary gear set is engaged and with the direct drive being obtained when a positivetype clutch is engaged to 1001: together two 7 elements of the planetary gear set. The two emtion as seen in Fig. 2 relative to element 86 sufilcient for moving the blocker element t5 to the limit of its movement in such direction with respect to element it. The clutch member 38 then ears 61. 'rotatably disposed on the sun gear element 69 bodiments of the invention are also similar in that in both a fluid pressure responsive piston is provided for operating the positive type clutch, and in both of the embodiments the operating piston is carried by the planet gear carrier. The

' principal diiference between the two embodiments of the invention is that the positive type clutch in the Fig. 3 embodiment locks together the ring gear and planet gear'carrier of the planetary unit of the transmission while in the Fig. 1 embodiment the positive type clutch locks together the planet gear carrier and the sun gear of the planetary unit of this transmission. The blocker for the positive clutch in the Fig. 3 embodiment also differs from the blocker for the positive clutch in the Fig. 1 embodiment due to the different forms of clutches provided.

The modified form of transmission shown in Fig. 3 comprises a driving or input shaft and a driven or output shaft 61, withthe driven shaft being piloted with respect to the driving shaft by means of roller bearings 62 and being rotatably mounted in the housing 63 for the transmission by means of a ballbearing unit 66. A ring .gear element 65 having a plurality of windows or openings 66 formed therein (one being shown in the drawings) is fixed to the shaft 60. A plurality of planet gears 6'! (one being shown in the drawings) are provided in mesh with the teeth of the element 65, and the gears 61 are rotatably mounted on stub shafts 68 which are fixed to the shaft 6| by means of a suitable flange portion provided on the shaft. A sun gear element 69 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 6i and is disposed with its teeth in mesh with the planet A planet gear carrier portion .10 is and is fixed with respect to the stub shafts 58. whereby the shaft 6!, the shafts 58 and the carrier portion Ill rotate as a. single piece.

A brake is provided for the sun gear element 89 and comprises a brake disc ll splined on the element 69, a pressure plate 12 fixed with respect to the housing 63, an annular pressure member 13, and an annular piston 16 slidably disposed in a suitable cavity in the housing 53, The brake disc ii is provided with friction facings l5 and II which are adapted to cooperate with the pressure member II and pressure plate II respectively. The pressure member II is preferably formed by a pair of annular stamped sheet metal members 13a and III: which are flxed together by any suitable means as by welding. The pressure member II is provided with a plurality of perforations therein, and shaits 'II (one being shown in the drawings) are provided which extend through the openings in the pressure mem--' her and are iixed at opposite ends in the housing 63 and the pressure plate II. The shaits I'I function, as is apparent, to hold the pressure member against rotation relative to the housing II, and a spring II is provided on each of the shafts 11 to yieldinsiy hold the pressure member II at the limit of its movement to the left as seen in Fig. 3. A cylindrical member II is preferably provided iixed with respect to housing II and in contact with the pressure member II on its inner side, and the member II acts as a guide for the pressure member II, as is apparent.

The cavity in the housing II for the piston II is connected with a passage II in the housing. and the passage II is connected with a source of fluid under pressure similar to that shown in Fig. 1 and comprising the conduit II and valve 32. When fluid under pressure is supplied to the passage II and thereby to the cavity for the piston I I, the piston, the pressure member II and the brake disc Ii are moved to the right as seen in Fig. 3 whereby the friction iacings II and II respectively engage the pressure member II and the pressure plate I2, and the brake comprising the parts I2, Ii and II is thereby enga ed to arrest rotation of the sun gear element II.

The positive type clutch in the transmission which functions to lock together the ring gear element 65 and the planet carrier portion 'II comprises a plunger II slidably disposed in a sleeve 82 which is fixed in a cavity II in theplanet gear carrier portion II. The plunger II is formed on its outer end with a tooth II which is adapted to extend through any of the windows 68 in the ring gear member II whereby to engage the positive clutch. A piston II having a stem 86 is slidabl disposed in the cavity II, and the stem is flxed to the plunger II in any suitable means. A plate in the form of a disc 81 is flxed in the cavity 83 inwardly with respect to the sleeve 82, and the plate is provided with a central opening therein through which the stem II of the piston 85 extends. A compression spring II is provided between the plunger II and the disc 81, and the spring functions to yieldingly hold the plunger at the outward limit or its movement with its tooth II extending through any of the windows 66 in the ring gearelement II. A fluid conduit 89 is provided extending through the housing 63, the shaft II and the sun gear element II, and the conduit is in communication with a fluid passage 90 formed in the carrier portion II and also with the passage II. The conduit II opens into the cavity II at a place in the cavity Just immediately inward oi the plate II and between the plate and the piston II, with the plunger II being in its outermost'position with the tooth II extending through one of the windows II. The conduits I9 and II function to supply fluid under pressure between the plate I! and the piston II when the valve 32 isoperated whereby fluid under pressure is supplied to the passage II, and such an application or fluid under pressure between the parts II and I1 causes the piston II and thereby the plunger II to be moved inwardly against the action of the spring II to withdraw the tooth II from one of the windows II in which it was theretoiore positioned. An opening II is preferably provided in the carrier portion II near the inner end or the cavity II whereby any fluid which may pass by the edges oi the piston II may drain out of the cavity II.

Means Ior blocking the movement of the lunger II outwardly to engage the tooth II in any 0! the windows II is provided. The blocking means comprises a blocker element II which is slidably disposed in a suitable channel formed in the carrier portion II. The blocker element II is in frictional engagement with the ring gear element II and is yieldingly held in such engagement by means of balls II- disposed in cavities In the carrier element II and exerting force on the blocker element II due to springs II in the cavities acting on the balls. The blocker element II is formed with a notch II and is provided with abutment portions II and II on its ends as shown.

When the blocker element II is positioned relative to the carrier portion II as shown in Figs, 3 and 5 with the notch II in alignment with tooth II, the plunger II may be in its outermost position with the tooth II extending through the notch II and into one of the windows II. In this position of the blocker element. the abutment I1 is in contact with the carrier portion II and as is apparent, such position or the blocker element may result from a rotation oi the ring gear element II in a clockwise direction relative to the carrier portion II, as seen in Fig. 5, due to the frictional contact between element II and the position as shown in Fig. 8, with the tooth II being inward of the ring gear element II and out oi position for engaging with an of the windows II. Such a position of the blocker element II relative to the carrier portion II may result, as is apparent, from a rotation of the ring sear element II in a counterclockwise direction relative to the carrier portion II as seen in Fig. 5, due to the irlctional engagement of the blocker element and ring gear element, with, or course, the plunger II having been previously retracted by means of fluid pressure applied to the piston II to the position of the plunger wherein the tooth II is out of position for engaging any of the windows II.

The transmission illustrated in Figs. 3 to 5 provides two speeds in forward drive, namely, an underdrive speed and a direct drive. When the parts or the transmission are in their positions as shown in Fig. 3, the conduit II is drained through the valve passages II and II, and no fluid under pressure is applied to either the piston II or the piston II. The brake for the sun gear element II is thus disengaged, and the spring II functions to hold the plunger II in its outertion it and including the tooth 8i and one of the windows it, to the driven shaft 8|.

when the valve portion 84 is thereafter moved so as to bring the passage 88 therein in alignment with the conduit 8|, fluid under pressure is applied to the pistons 14- and 85 by means of the passages 80, 89 and 90. Such application or fluid pressure to the piston it causes movement of the pressure member is into engagement with the friction facing '85, and the brake for the sun gear element 88 is thus engaged. Such application of fluid pressure to the piston 85 causes movement of the piston and thereby the plunger 38 and tooth 84 inwardly to disengage the tooth from a window 86 in the ring gear element 85, and the positive clutch between the element 65 and carrier portion I is thus disengaged. The driven shaft ti is then driven in underdrive speed, with the drive being from the drive shaft 39 through the ring gear element 65, the planet gears ti, and the stub shafts 68 to the shaft 8|, with the sun gear element 69 functioning as the fulcrum for torque multiplication.

When the shaft 8! is thus driven in underdrive speed, the ring gear element 65 is rotating at a higher speed than the carrier portion it, and due to the frictional engagement between the blocker element 92 and the ring gear element 55, the blocker element is positioned relative to the carrier element with the abutment portion at in engagement with the carrier portion and with part of the blocker element 92 in the notch 98. When the valve portion 84 is thereafter rotated to bring the passage 35 in alignment with the conduit 33 for changing the speed ratio of the transmission to direct drive, the brake for the sun gear element 89 is disengaged, but the positive type clutch between the ring gear element 65 and carrier portion does not engage due to the blocker element 92 being positioned with its abutment 9B in contact with the carrier portion 10 and holding the plunger at from outward movement. In order to cause engagement of the positive clutch, the speed of the shaft 60 is decreased until the speed of the shaft 80 is equal to that of the shaft 50 and the shaft ti rotates a fraction of a revolution in the forward direction ahead of the shaft 80. When the shaft 55 thus rotates ahead of the shaft 60, the blocker element 92 is moved relative to the carrier portion iii such that the notch 85 moves into alignment with the tooth 8t, and the spring 88 then acts to move the plunger 8! outwardly and engage the tooth to with one of the windows 86. The transmission then functions to drive the shaft Si in direct drive.

In both the Fig. 1 embodiment of the invention and in the Fig. 3 embodiment of the invention, the fluid pressure responsive piston for the positive clutch, which clutch when engaged functions to provide a direct drive between the input and output shafts, is advantageously provided in the planet gear carrier. No mechanical connections between a stationary operator and a rotating element of a positive clutch thus need be provided.

I wish it to be understood that I do not intend to limit my invention to the details of construction shown and described except only insofar as certain of the claims may be specifically so limited, as it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the constructions and arrangements without departing from the principles of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun sear element, a ring gear element, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier element, a positive type clutch for locking together two of said elements, a fluid pressure responsive piston carried by one of said last named elements for disengaging said clutch, and a spring for urging said clutch into engagement,

2. In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear element, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements. and a planet gear carrier element, a positive locking together said carrier element with one of the other of said elements, means for preventing engagement of said clutch until said two last named elements are rotating at substantially type clutch for 3. In a transmission, the combination of input and output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear element, planet gears in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier element, one of said shafts being connected with said ring gear element and the other of the shafts being connected with said carrier element, a positive type clutch for locking together two of said elements, a fluid pressure operated piston carried by one of said two last-named elements for disengaging said clutch, a brake for said sun gear element,

for applying fluid both of said pistons.

4. In a transmission, the combination or input and output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear element, planet gears in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier element, one of said shafts being connected with said ring gear element and the other of said shafts being connected with said carrier element, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier element and one of the other elements, mean for preventing engagement of such clutch until said two last named elements are rotating at substantially the same speed, spring means for urging said clutch into engagement, a fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier element for disengaging said clutch, a brake for said sun gear element, a fluid pressure operated piston for engaging said brake, spring means for disengaging said brake, and fluid pressure means including a valve for applying fluid pressure simultaneously to both of said pistons.

5. In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gears, and a planet gear carrier, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier and said sun gear, and including teeth on saidcarrier and a clutch member slidably and non-rotatably disposed wi peot to said sun gear and having teeth adapted to mesh with said first named teeth, and a blocker element movable relative to said sun gear for blocking movement of said clutch member for enga ing the teeth thereon with said first named teeth until the carrier and the sun gear are rotating at substantially the same speed.

6. In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear, a planet gear in mesh with the sun gear element and ring gear, and a planet gear carrier element, a clutch for directly connecting and locking together said elements. wall means defining a chamber for carrying a piston, said chamber being carried by one of said two elements, and a fluid pressure responsive piston movable in said chamber for operating said clutch.

7. Ina transmission, the combination. a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gears, and a planet gear carrier, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier and said sun gear, wall means defining a chamber for a carrying a piston, said chamber being carried by said carrier, and a fluid pressure responsive piston movable in said chamber for operating said clutch.

8. In a transmission, the combination of input and output shafts, a planetary gear set-comprisinga sun gear, a ring gear, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gears, and a planet gear carrier, one of said shafts being connected with said ring gear and the other or the shafts being connected with said carrier, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier and said sun gear. a fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier for disengagin said clutch, a brake for said sun gear, a fluid pressure operated piston for engaging said brake, and fluid pressure means including a valve for applyin fluid pressure simultaneously to both or said pistons.

9. In a transmission, the combination of input and output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gears, and a planet gear carrier, one 0! said shaits being connected with said ring gear and the other 0! the shafts being connected with said earlier, a positive type clutch. for locking together said sun gear and asoopev ring gear, a fluid pressure responsive piston carmeans for preventing engagement 0! said clutch until said ring gear and carrier are rotating at a substantially the same speed.

12. In a transmission, the combination 0! a planetary gear-set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear element. a planet gear in mesh with the sun gear and ring gear element, and a planet gear carrier, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier and said ring gear element and including a plunger carried by said carrier, and adapted to engage in an opening provided in said rin gear element, a fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier for withdrawing said plunger from said opening, and spring means carried by said carrier for urging said plunger into engagement in said opening.

13. In a transmission, the combination of input and output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear element, a planet gear in mesh with the sun gear and ring gear element, and a planet gear carrier, said ring gear element being connected with one of said shafts and said carrier being connected with the other of said shafts, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier and said ring gear element and including a plunger carried by said carrier adapted to engage in an opening provided in said ring gear element, a fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier tor moving said plunger with respect to said opening, a blocker element between said carrier and said ring gear element and adapted to be moved by said ring gear element with respect to said carrier whereby to prevent engagement of said plunger in said opening until the carrier and ring gear element are rotatcarrier and including teeth on said carrier and a member slidably and non-rotatably disposed with respect to said sun gear and provided with teeth adapted to mesh with said first named teeth,

a blocker element movable by said carrier with respect to said sun gear for preventing the meshing oi said teeth until said carrier and sun gear are rotating at substantially the same speed. a fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier for disengaging said clutch, a brake for said sun gear, a fluid pressure. operated piston for engaging said brake, and fluid means including a valve for applying fluid pressure simultaneously to both or said pistons.

10. In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear element, a planet gear in mesh with the ring gear element and sun gear, and a planet gear carrier element, a positive clutch ior looking together said carrier element and said ring gear element, wall means deflning a chamber for carrying a piston, said chamber being carried by one of said two elements, and a fluid pressure responsive piston movable in said chamber for operating said clutch.

11. In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gears, and a planet gear carrier, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier and said ing at substantially the same speed, and a brake for said sun gear.

14. In a transmission, the combination of input and output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear element, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier, said ring gear element being connected with one of said shafts and said carrier being connected with the other or said shafts, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier and said ring gear element and including a plunger carried by said carrier adapted to enter an opening provided in said ring gear element, a fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier for withdrawing said plunger from said opening, a spring carried by said carrier for urging said plunger into engagement in said opening, a blocker element between said carrier and said ring gear element and adaptetrto be moved by the ring gear element relative to the carrier whereby to prevent engagement of said clutch until said carrier and said ring gear element are rotating at substantially the same speed, a brake for said sun gear, a fluid pressure operated piston for engaging said brake, and fluid pressure means including a valve for applying fluid pressure simultaneously to both of said pistons.

15. In a transmission, the combination of input and output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear element, planet gears in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier element, said input shaft being connected with one of said elements and said output shaft being connected with another or said elements, a positive type clutch for locking together two of said elements, a fluid pressure operated piston carried by one or said two or said elements (or disengagin said clutch,

and brake means for arresting the rotation of one of said elements for providing a speed changing drive through the transmission and including a piston for engaging said preventing an engagement of said clutch unless.

said two last-named elements are rotating at substantially the same speed, wall means defining a chamber for carrying a piston, said chamber being carried by one of said two last-named elements, and a fluid pressure responsive piston movable in said chamber for operating said clutch.

17. In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element,

a ring gear element, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier element, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier element and one of the other of said elements, wall means defining a chamber for carrying a piston, said chamber being carried by one of said two last-named elements, and a fluid pressure responsive piston movable in said chamber for operating said clutch.

18. In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear element, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier element, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier element and one of the other of said elements, a fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier element for disengaging said clutch, and a spring for urging said clutch into engagement.

19. In a transmission, the combination of input and output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear element, planet gears in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier element, said input shaft being connected with one of said elements, and said output shaft being connected with another of said elements, a positive type clutch for locking together two of said elements, wall means defining a chamber for carrying a piston, said chamber being carried by one of said two last-named elements, brake means for arresting the rotation of one of said elements, a

fluid pressure operated piston movable in said chamber for disengaging said clutch, and a spring for urging said clutch into engagement.

,20. In a transmission, the combination of input and, output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear element, planet gears in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements,'and a planet gear carrier element, one of said shafts being connected with said ring gear element and the other of said shafts being connected with said carrier element, a positive type clutch for locking together two of said elements,

means for preventing engagement of said clutch until said two last-named elements are rotating at substantially the same speed, spring means for urging said clutch into engagement, 9. fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier element for disengagingsaid clutch, a brake for said sun gear element, a fluid pressure operated piston for engaging said brake, spring means for disengaging said brake, and fluid pressure means including a valve for applying fluid pressure simultaneously to both of said pistons.

21. In a transmission, the combination of input and output shafts, a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear, a ring gear, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gears, and a planet gear carrier, one of said shafts being connected with said ring gear and the other of the shafts being connected with said carrier, a positive type clutch for locking together said carrier and sun gear, wall means deflninga chamber for carrying a piston, said chamber being carried by said carrier, a fluid pressure responsive piston movable in said chamber for operating said clutch, means for preventing engagement of said clutch until said carrier and sun gear are rotating at substan tially the same speed, and a brake for said sun ea I 22, In a transmission, the combination of a planetary gear set comprising a sun gear element, a ring gear element, a planet gear in mesh with the sun and ring gear elements, and a planet gear carrier element, a positive type clutch for locking together two of said elements, means for preventing engagement of said clutch until said two last-named elements are rotating at substantially the same speed, a fluid pressure operated piston carried by said carrier element for dis engaging said clutch, and a spring for urging said clutch into engagement.

HAROLD E. CARNAGUA. 

